The Love Poems of Rich, Marvell and Campion :: Adrienne Rich Andrew Marvell Essays

The Love Poems of Rich, Marvell and CampionAdrienne Richs Twenty-One Love Poems, which explore the nature of lesbian have sex, differ strikingly from classic love poems written by a man to a cleaning woman, such as Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress and Thomas Campions There Is a Garden in Her Face. Richs poems focus on the us aspect of love, the concept of two strong, yet imperfect women facing all oppositions together, part the love poems written by men are far more reverent, almost worshipful of their subjects. The lesbian poems have a sense of love cosmos real, a connection based on far more than physical attraction, whereas the mens poems focus on an idealized view of the woman beautiful, pure, distant. The women in Marvell and Campions poems are lovely faades, storybook figures without any real depth or imperfections. Perhaps the lesbian love poems could be seen as little eloquent, or less flawlessly romantic, but the romance in them is found in the genuine nature of the love. Rich is doubtlessly writing about experiences she has had, real populate she has loved, whereas Marvell and Campion could ostensibly be writing about any beautiful, but otheriwse characterless, woman that theyve seen.The stress that Rich places on the two members of the couple as equals is a striking contrast to Marvells and Campions poems, in which the female subject is placed on a pedestal and kept at a distance. There is little sense of a real-life relationship between the man and the woman. The mens poems are mere descriptions of the woman and their love for her, with little intelligence of how they interact, or how they may feel about her personality. Rich, however, creates an atmosphere of us against the world, writing I touch you knowing we werent born tomorrow, / and somehow, each of us will help the other live, / and somewhere, each of us must help the other die (Rich 237). Certainly, this discrepancy is at least partially a product of the different eras in which t he poems were written Campion and Marvell were writing in the 16th and 17th centuries, respectively, while Richs Twenty-One Love Poems was written in the mid-1970s. Victorian and Elizabethan culture dictated that the woman be far more removed from the often vile realities of life revered, but not seen as an equal partner in a relationship. Sexuality would not have been a topic to be openly discussed.

Discussing if Anzac Day Should be Celebrated or Mourned Essay -- essay

We have no unknown soldierThese are not forgotten menBut cousins, uncles, neighboursWho will never laugh again. But theyll not be forgottenFor the price they had to pay. For their childrens childrens childrenWill still march on Anzac twenty-four hour periodNo, theyll not be forgottenFor the price they had to pay. For their childrens childrens childrenWill still march on Anzac Day.- Vic Macdonald 1988Every year on the 25th of April Australia comes together to celebrate the intrepidity and extreme courage of those soldiers who risked and lost their lives while fighting for Australia in G exclusivelyipoli. But should it be noteworthy? Should we cheer the men that returned when so many were killed and died of disease in the trenches at Gallipoli? Should we celebrate their bravery? Does this glorify war? Or should we mourn the waste of over sixty thousand brave men? Why has a day that commemorates death and defeat come to symbolise a national identity to the people of Australia?The ?mo dern? Anzac day does not only celebrate the Anzac?s (Australia New Zealand Army Corps) but all the wars that Australia has participated in. But why is the focus of Anzac Day on Australia?s defeat at Gallipoli while fighting individual else?s war, and not perhaps the victory at Milne Bay against the Japanese. What is it about the battle at Gallipoli that brings Australia together to commemorate? Or do they celebrate? This report card will be focussing on the texts from the play ?The One Day of The Year? by Alan Seymour. Which explores a war veteran and his son?s overhear of the heart and soul and reason of Anzac Day.The play ?The One Day of the Year? gives a very strong message about two very different views of the meaning of Anzac Day. The reader of the play is ... ... and the right to voice their opinion. Australia is a lucky country to have freedom of speech. So should Anzac day be celebrated? Commemorated? Or Mourned? It is all about opinion, just like Alf and Hughie sett led there differences by agreeing to disagree. Australia should allow that freedom of opinion and speech. In summary if you personally believe that Anzac should be celebrated you should be free to do so. Likewise if you believe that the deaths and carnage that occurred at Gallipoli should be mourned and not celebrated. However whether you choose to celebrate or mourn, remember the gift of the brave soldiers who fought and died in the name of Australia.They shall grow not old....as we that are left grow oldAge shall not weary them, nor the years contemnAt the going down of the sun, and in the morning, we will remember them- Laurence Binyon

Effects of Industrial Age on Wildlife :: essays research papers

Effects of Industrial age on wildlifeAs humans last out to advance in technology and increase in population it seems to have possible negative effect on the echo system. I am flavour at two specific species, The Ivory-billed woodpecker ( Campephilus principalis), believed to already be extinct until resent sightings, (James Owen for National Geographic parole April 28, 2005) and Coyotes (Brian Handwerk for National Geographic News June 7, 2005) Animals are forced to adept to changes in there environments or the life cycle will no longer be able to exist. This possibly is a living example of Evolution in progress. What is the long term effect of the continued destruction of natural habitats? This is a good example of how organisms can modernize due to changes in their ecosystems.I am talking about two different species of animals first being a bird and the second one the coyote. What I have found in my research on this is that an majestic bird, the Ivory-Billed woodpecker that i nhabited the lowland forest of southeastern U.S. between 1880 and the 1940s was believed to have fetch extinct due to the logging which destroyed their habitat. For sixty plus years the Ivory-Billed woodpecker that was thought to be extinct was once again spotted in 2004. While the data has been authenticated on the sightings, more observations are in the planning. The U.S Fish and Wildlife Service is identifying funds for recovery efforts. This rediscovery has spearheaded efforts to save 550,000 acres of bayous in the elephantine Woods of Arkansas. The Nature Conservancy has conserved 18,000 acres in The Big Woods.Coyotes are another animal that is adapting to the rapid changes in their natural habitat. Coyotes which live in a wide verity of environments from desert, mountainous, open country and grasslands, seems that they are also become urbanites. These very smart animals are becoming habituated to are urban environment, changing there behavior to adapt to ours. In California and New York State Coyotes are becoming more aggressive. This subsidized environment is artificially mellowed in food for these adaptable animals. At Cornell University wildlife biologist Paul Curtis and his team are starting a five years study of coyote environmental science and behavior.

Rhetorical Analysis of the Film, Waiting for Superman Essay -- Film An

Educational systems in America atomic number 18 impaired, and the very educators that ar meant to teach are the ones pulling it down. That is the apparent message that Davis Guggenheim attempts to convey in his documentary postponement for Superman. He uses many strategies to get his message across. Some of these include cartoons, children, and those reformers that are attempting to pull the system out of the ditch that it has found its way into. He makes his point very well, and uses facts and figures correctly. He does leave out some of the opinions of the opposing views, entirely it does not take away from his point that the educational system in America is in need of repair.Guggenheim uses those and other devices to inspire action within the masses, and shine up a topic that has been recently shrouded by other problems our nation faces today. He also places blame upon the system itself, many reasons add to this conclusion such as refusal to make change, with upgrade being t he central idea that cripples education. Guggenheim focuses his documentary on the teachers that make-up a large portion of the system. One of his strongest arguments is that the teachers are the problem, and the inability to disengage schools of the incompetent teachers is the primary reason American schools are coming in so low in the international rankings. He also shares many facts and statistics that are staggering by their lonesome, but he presents them in such a way to exaggerate them by use of animation, music, and narration. Some of these animations add visuals when a interlocking idea is being described, such as the idea of the lemon dance or the rubber room in New York. Guggenheim also takes the idea of tenure and uses these techniques to twist tenure into somethi... ... and our sense of guilt with his documentary. Which, while is not the most admirable technique, it causes the audiences to start thinking about what they are doing to help or smart the educational sys tem, and what our kids are receiving from the educators around them.This film is one that has faults, but is also very credible and a major wake-up call for those currently in government agency to make a change and help improve the schools of America, securing a better future for all.Works CitedPatterson, James. Where are you Superman? Rev. of Waiting for Superman. (June 2011) Academic Search Complete. Web. 3 Nov. 2011. Schwarzbaum, Lisa. Waiting for Superman Rev. of Waiting for Superman. (October 2010) Academic Search Complete. Web. Nov. 2011Guggenhaim, Davis. Waiting for Superman. 2010. Film.

African Americans unnoticed :: Essays Papers

African Americans unnoticedFor similarly many years, African Americans imbibe lived without knowing the people who have influenced their way of life. We walk around without taking the time to appreciate the people that have allowed us to go to these black colleges and universities, or the African Americans that have dedicated life their to make life better for all mankind as well as blacks.Wo custody as well men have gone out of their way to make life better for their future. We know that women have influenced life from the beginning of time whether the role of the women is a mother, wife, doctor, or educator. But women have not always been able to advance in society, as men have been able to. As a black women I am proud to hear of women such as Lucy Laney, who she dedicated her life to get funding for black Georgia schools. She believed that women are better teachers than men and that an ameliorate Negro woman is what is needed to teach students of all ages. Annie Julia Cooper wa s an active participant in the womens organizations in the 1980s. She believed that higher education of the black woman was too rare and did what she could so that young women like me can attend college. Fannie Barrier Williams realized that racial discrimination was a major problem, but also realized that sexism was an veritable(a) greater problem in equality. For, as she said, to be a colored woman is to be discredited, mistrusted and often meanly hated. Through times of strife and try she worked, sometimes successfully, to eliminate discrimination against black women. Booker T. capital letter, W.E.B. Dubois, Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr., and Stokely Carmicheal these names when said are ones to which black people respond to, because all of these men alter social conditions for African Americans. All were part of large organized mass movement in black history. Each on of these men played a different part in influencing black America. Washington was s killed at politics. He was powerful and influential in both the black and white communities, Washington was a confidential advisor to presidents. DuBois was a public speaker who noted how America tactically sidestepped the issues of color, and how his approach of educate and agitate appeared to fall on deafen ears. Marcus Garvey drawing on a gift for oratory, he created Garveyism eventually evolved into a religion of success, inspiring millions of black people worldwide who sought relief from racism and colonialism.

African Americans unnoticed :: Essays Papers

African Americans unnoticedFor too many years, African Americans have lived without knowing the people who have influenced their elbow room of carriage. We walk around without taking the time to appreciate the people that have allowed us to go to these down(p) colleges and universities, or the African Americans that have dedicated life their to make life better for all mankind as well as forbiddings.Women as well men have gone out of their bureau to make life better for their future. We know that women have influenced life from the beginning of time whether the role of the women is a mother, wife, doctor, or educator. But women have not forever been able to advance in society, as men have been able to. As a black women I am proud to hear of women such(prenominal) as Lucy Laney, who she dedicated her life to get funding for black Georgia schools. She believed that women are better learners than men and that an educated Negro woman is what is needed to teach students of all ages . Annie Julia Cooper was an active representativeicipant in the womens organizations in the 1980s. She believed that higher education of the black woman was too rare and did what she could so that young women analogous me can attend college. Fannie Barrier Williams realized that racism was a major problem, but also realized that sexism was an even greater problem in equality. For, as she said, to be a colored woman is to be discredited, mistrusted and often meanly hated. Through times of strife and stress she worked, sometimes successfully, to eliminate discrimination against black women. Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Dubois, Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr., and Stokely Carmicheal these names when said are ones to which black people respond to, because all of these men improved social conditions for African Americans. All were part of large organized mass movement in black history. Each on of these men played a different part in influencing black America. Wa shington was skilled at politics. He was powerful and influential in both the black and white communities, Washington was a confidential advisor to presidents. DuBois was a public speaker who noted how America tactically sidestepped the issues of color, and how his approach of educate and agitate appeared to fall on deaf ears. Marcus Garvey drawing on a pass for oratory, he created Garveyism eventually evolved into a religion of success, inspiring millions of black people worldwide who sought relief from racism and colonialism.

Resolving international disputes Essay

Differences that you should be aw atomic number 18 of Property equity Sources of law of nature and method of judicial reasoning Property Law civic Law You be either the absolute owner, or you are not. 3 comp unmatchablents of absolute possession usus (latin term) i.e. use right of use fructus ie. enjoyment of revenues Right to enjoy revenues abusus ie disposal Right to dispose of that thing dismemberment This does not mean that the absolute owner cannot unwrap external certain rights of the space, as long as the rights transfer back to the owner E.g. usifruct farmer has a large piece of subvert and son wants to lower married and have family. Farmer is not willing to divide up the farm, unless offers him a part of the farm where he lets him build a sign and farm on it, but after 20/30/40 years the land goes back to the father Lease if you lease an apartment from the owner of a building, or a piece of land to farm on, etc you get the right to use it in consideration of ren t. In this sense, the owner is giving a counsel one right (the right to use the property) as long as at the end they get the right of use back. Common Law guess no absolute ownership of land King gives a portion of the country to the Earls. In common law, there is a difference mingled with ownership and possession.The Earls possess it, they are throw awaying the land for him. The Earls will provide him every year with something in return (e.g. bushels of corn, men for war, etc). Earl gives a portion of that land to the Dukes, and asks that they tolerate it for them, in exchange for bushels, men etc. Dukes to the Lords, all the way to the peasant/farmer. When the farmer died, he was not able to give it to his children it would go to the lord, etc up the strand and that person would redelegate it. Known as the feudal system. Leasehold is when you hold it for a limited period of time. A freehold is where you hold the land forever, and you can sell the land, leave the land to your children. The only way it reverts back to the king is if someone dies without leaving any(prenominal) heirs, which means it goes up the chain of ownership. 2 types of ownership Real Beneficial communication channel and Concept of Trust William the Conqueror said I am Law, but there were problems with this as the king could not see every checkmate. Eventually, he became busybodied with other things (wars, etc) therefore he set up a system of speak tos. They did not have to see everybody, unless they issue a writ. System of writs a coquet order telling someone that someone complained active you therefore you have to show up at court on xday.You only had a writ for certain problems. Trespass (tort) When someone caused you or your property personal injury Habeas corpus (produce the body) When someone grabbed a relative of yours and wrongly imprisoned them. This came about because of the idea of Where there is a remedy (ie. a writ) there is a right, but if you did not have a writ to cover a specialised problem, and then you did not have access to the courts lead to a parallel system of justice called Equity lead to new legal concepts much(prenominal) as the TRUST Trust you are too rich and do not want to be taxed. at that placefore, you give some wealth to the confederate who is going to hold it for you until the children are of age and you have died. The problem arises when the friend does not give it back. They have no writ therefore cannot take it back through court. When the friend goes to court, they argue that the land was given on a condition of trust (the friend was trusted by the father to give the property back). In humanitarian to the possibility of someone being the absolute owner, they can also be the owner subject of a trust. Trust difficult to define, Underhill gave one of the best definitions under 5 partsAn 1 equitable obligation, 2 binding a person (trustee), 3 to deal with property over which he has control (trust property), 4 for the returns of persons (beneficiaries), of whom he (the trustee) may be one, 5 any one of whom may enforce the obligation Equitable obligation obligation created under the law of equity which was established by the courts of equity Who has the obligation The trustee What is the obligation To deal with the trust property over which he has control For what purpose For the benefit of the beneficiaries What is the consequence if the trustee does not deal with the property The Trustee can be sued by any one of the beneficiaries How a trust works There are 2 ways to set up a trust The settler gives trust property to one or more trustees for the benefit of one or more beneficiaries (essentially a gift) Can be through a will or agreement (intervivos trust) involving the settler or the trustee By way of declaration of trust a person simply declares that he is holding certain property in trust E.g. someone wants to set up a business, but does not want it known that they are the shareholders. Therefore, someone else holds that position, but signs a contract that states that all income goes to them, and they will exercise the wishes of the settler. Examples of trusts wills, Real Estate enthronement Trusts (REIT), endowments You may set up a family trust for tax planningpurposes. You can sp glance over your income across the beneficiaries of that trust. Shareholder agreements, where sometimes money is put into a trust. There are wide personal business and tax-planning purposes to trust. differences between civil law and common law ownership In Common Law, a property can have two owners. The real owner (whose name appears as the owner) or the beneficiary owner In civil Law, you are the owner, or you are not. Only one type of ownership. 2 Sources of law and method of judicial reasoning both systems have 3 sources Judicial Precedent ie. coquette decisions legislation philosophy ie. scholarly writings articles or books that are written to explain the law, and very often to criticize it the difference between the two systems is the weight and impressiveness of each source Common Law JUDICIAL PRECEDENT (most significant) Court Structure Supreme Court Court of Appeal Trial Court severally court is bound by its earlier decisions.Trial Court is bound by its earlier decisions unless overturned by the Court of Appeal, same thing for Court of Appeal with Supreme Court, etc ( contemplate decisis stand by the past). The Supreme Court is also bound by its own precedents The Supreme Court has overturned its own precedents, such as the decision that mint cannot be segregated but equal, as in the case with discrimination. Principal known as stare decisis stand by the past Abortion example of Row vs Wade (or something wish that) How do you know when a labelment is a precedent To know that, you have to give way the precedent Conditions for decision to be binding Decisions divided into two parts Ratio decidendi the reason for the decision for arriving at the d ecision (only this is the precedent) Obiter dictum other reasons that the judge has for coming to his/her conclusions It is often not clear which is the obiter dictum and which is the ratio decidendi. The facts have to be almost identical.What happens when they find a precedent they do not like They could try and find differences between the case then and now. What then happens is that if the judges can distinguish between it, they make judge-made law, which is an area of contestation and disagreement. Judges are not supposed to make the law. statute law In the common law system, legislation is not as important as judicial precedent. If a court interprets a law in a manner in which the parliament doesnt like, parliament can pass a law countermanding that. Catch ( legislation is subject to judicial interpretation, and this means that the rules regarding stare decisis apply to interpretation. Therefore, when youare looking in the common law system, and you are wondering what does thi s legislation mean, you look at any court judgements/precedents in order to understand its meaning and application. Additionally, from a business point of view, there is very little legislation on very important aspects of business law. (e.g. you find it on leases, contracts of sale, etc but other types of contracts such as agency, etc there is no legislation, and therefore strictly jurisprudence applies. Additionally, to a large tip there is no legislation regarding tortsAs a source of law, it can supersede jurisprudence, but does not feature as much. Doctrine Scolarly writings For historic reasons, doctrine is less important and less abundant than it is in the civil law system. They try to summarise the law and put it in a wise form. CIVIL LAW Judicial Precedent (Jurisprudence) Not as important as in common law because a) There is no concept of stare decisis (Courts are not formally bound by higher courts, they just carry more weight. Another level can just choose to overrule) ( 2) Legislation Originally, the first code of laws that was developed in the western world was developed by the Roman Empire. This was different for a huge number of places because it covered such a wide expanse. When Napoleon ruled, there were even differences within France itself He created a different set for France and the rest of the Empire, The Law of Paris, and codified it into one document, and in 1804 it became law.It dealt with things such as family law, property law, contract law, civil liability, etc A code does the following in regards to each area that it deals with, it sets out general broad principles then sets out certain principles within. They are so broad that it covers the subject matter. For example, in civil law under Quebec, civil liability is anyone that is capable, is liable for any suffering he/she causes through a wrongful act to a third party. Once you have this principle you have rules of application (e.g. what is the liability of parents if their child ren does wrong) (3) Doctrine Doctrine is much more important than in the Common Law system. Before, in Common Law system, if you wanted to become a lawyer you didnt have to go to school, just work with lawyers and read books. Example Abraham Lincoln never went to school he studied on his own and ended up becoming a lawyer with the help of those he worked with. Ended up becoming one of the most renowned layers in the USA before he went into politics. Difference between the two Civil law ( would read Justinian coda and makeannotations and commentaries and some would start publishing codes.When Napoleon made some laws, books came out analysing the books and laws. Judges read the laws and doctrines as a basis for their judgements (today there is more doctrine in the Civil Law system than common law) Common ( Lets see what the judgment says Civil ( lets see what the doctrine says LEGAL SYSTEMS SPREAD BY COLONIZATION AND CONQUEST Common Law Includes India, England, USA Why common law is d ifferent approximately the world English Common law applied to the Colonies, so far as it was adapted by its institutions and circumstances. This means that you apply the English Common Law as far as needed, then you apply a chain of precedents As colonies gained independence, they established a cut-off date after which British precedence would not apply to them Over time, jurisdictions formed their own supreme Courts under their own state of appeal. After a certain date, Canada said that their Supreme Court judgements were right, and people could not go to the British House of Lords for an overruling, and this happened everywhere.Civil Law Formed out of Spain and all of her colonies, Germany, Italy, Portugal and its colony Brazil, and each country has its own civil code. The rules in France are not the same as the rules set out in Quebec, however the sources, the role, all of that is similar. Quebec Situation Was both a French and British colony. The French King was given a choice keep Quebec, or keep the islands of St Pierre and Miquelon. He decided to keep the islands. In 1774, the Quebec Act was adopted by parliament. In 1774, the 13 colonies started to push for independence. They adopted the Quebec Act, which was intended to protect the religion, language and culture. It created a hybrid system of Common Law and Civil Law. It said that topical anaesthetic Quebec Law (Civil Law) will govern property, contracts, family law, civil liability.Basically, in Quebec, what was used was old Roman law and the custom of Paris. Under the Quebec system, the court system became a British system. The result was that Common Law heavily influenced civil law. July 1866, the Civil Court of Law in Canada codified the Civil Law in Quebec (like Napoleon and France). oftentimes of the Civil Code of Canada was taken by the Napoleonic Code. Unlike what you would call the traditional Civil Law System, stare decisis was used in Quebec. If you read a judgement from a Court of Queb ec and one outside Quebec, you would question whether it is not a Common Law system. This is because they are a Civil Law system, but they reasonsimilarly to the Common Law system.

Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Considerativism

My observation from the correctroom demonstrated that true different learning theories we had in this three session such as behaviorism, cognitivism and considerativism exclusively of them include strengths and weaknesses. I tried to explain my perception through this schools of thoughts.BehaviorismIt focuses on two key factors stimulus and respons and disregards mental activities. Povlov, Watson, Thorndik and Skinner were the famous psychologists who widely promoted this theory. In classical conditioning a stimulus presented in order to get a response but in operant conditioning the response is do first then reinforcement follows. A noticeable weakness that I find in this method is that it cant explain the recognition of new language patterns by children for which there has been no reinforcement mechanisms for example in Persian we have koshtondam or pazondam.It neglects the consideration of genetics, heredity and personal perception. In order to control the class in this way tea chers must apply positive and negative reinforcements to change students behavior and discourage disruptive behaviors.CognitivismIn cognitive theory the most important social function is internal mental process of the learner during the learning process. Against behaviorists that consider learning as a passive activity in this theory the role of learners is restless and seeking meaning. J. piaget and L. vegotsky improved this theory. In this method teacher must create learning environment active and allowing students to apply previous knowledge.ConstructivismIn this theory learning is just the process of adjusting our mental models accommodate new experiences in other word all new information linked to prior knowledge. The learners start with a complax occupation and workout to discover the basic skills required to solve the problem. The role of instructors changes from teacher to facilitators. In this method theorists try to eliminate grades and testing. Teachers must provide en gaging opportunities for students to key out sense of the information via hand-on activities and discussions.ConclusionThere is no single best theory and each theory gas different aspect of teaching/learning process.

Anti Corruption Essay

putrefaction is found in the g everyplacenment when instead of thinking about the interests of the citizens as a whole, the members of the government argon chiefly interested in promoting their own selfish interests. Corruption is found in both popular and private organizations and everyone starting from the clerk to the Managing Director of a company is corrupt in a instruction or the separate. The clerk takes small bribes from the people who visit the office so that their work is finished beforehand(predicate) than the early(a)s who be waiting in a queue. In India, bribes argon also accepted in a few temples where devotees offering bribes are given anteriority over others to visit the temple. Parents offer bribes in schools and colleges to get their child admitted. There is no institution, no organization which is non corrupt in a way or the other.But the scruple that arises is that fuck an anti- decadency movement be started and if yes, shall it be successful. The answe r depends largely on the adaptation of anti- decomposition measures by both the government and the citizens. It is necessary for all the Indians to stop taking bribe and also to stop offering bribe in any form. This is the foundation on which the success of any anti- subversion measure go forthing depend. A re cent example of anti- putridness measure has been adopted by Mr. Anna Hazare against the existing system of government. He was of the opinion that the Lokpal Bill should be passed in both the houses of the Parliament as a result of which all the ministers and the members of the Parliament would become answerable before the law.The movement also supported by Mr. Arvind Kejriwal and was successful initially because it instilled among the citizens the awareness of the necessity to pass the Lokpal bill only when this movement proved to be unsuccessful in the later stages when the Lokpal bill failed to pass. Corruption is an incurable disease which all the citizens should tr y to combat by hook or by crook. It is only because of the corrupt politicians that today India is burdened with enormous loans from the true countries especially America. It has been estimated that if the money deposited In the Swiss Bank of Switzerland by the Indian politicians return to India, not only allow India be free from all the loans but the rising prices of different commodities would immediately shoot down.People should be allowed to re- elect the candidate they voted for if he fails to fulfill the promises that he make while contesting the elections. People are of the opinion that corruption is a way of life and nada can be wear downe toeradicate it. It is essential to understand that unless we as the citizens are not determined to do away with corruption from the roots, how we can expect the government to be corruption- free. Corruption is not a new phenomenon in India. It has been prevalent in society since ancient snips. History reveals that it was present leve l off in the Mauryan period. Great scholar Kautilya mentions the pressure of forty types of corruption in his contemporary society. It was practised even in Mughal and Sultanate period.When the East India Company took witness of the country, corruption reached new height. Corruption in India has become so common that people now are indisposed(predicate) to thinking of public life with it. Corruption has been desexualized variously by scholars. But the simple meaning of it is that corruption implies perversion of morality, integrity, character or trade out of mercenary motives, i.e. bribery, without any regard to honour, right and justice. In other words, undue favour for any one for some monetary or other gains is corruption. Simultaneously, depriving the genuinely deserving from their right or privilege is also a corrupt practice. Shrinking from ones job or dereliction of duty are also forms of corruption. Besides, thefts, wastage of public property constitute varieties of cor ruption. Dishonesty, exploitation, malpractices, scams and scandals are various humanityifestations of corruption. Corruption is not a uniquely Indian phenomenon. It is witnessed all over the creative activity in developing as well as developed countries. It has spread its tentacles in every sphere of life, namely business administration, politics, officialdom, and services. In fact, there is scarcely any sector which can be characterised for not being infected with the vices of corruption. Corruption is rampant in every segment and every section of society, disallow the social status attached to it.Nobody can be considered free from corruption from a high ranking officer. To root out the evil of corruption from society, we need to make a comprehensive code of conduct for politicians, legislatures, bureaucrats, and such code should be strictly enforced. Judiciary should be given more(prenominal) emancipation and initiatives on issues related to corruption. Special courts shoul d be set-up to take up such issues and speedy trial is to be promoted. Law and order machinery should be allowed to work without semi semipolitical interference. NGOs and media should come forward to spend a penny awareness against corruption in society and educate people to combat this evil. Only then we would be able to deliverour system from being collapsedNow-a-days corruption can be seen everywhere. It is deal cancer in public life, which has not become so rampant and perpetuated overnight, but in course of time. A country where leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel, Lai Bahadur Shastri and Kamraj have taken birth and led a value- base is now facing the problem of corruption. When we talk of corruption in public life, it covers corruption in politics, state governments, central governments, business, industry and so on. cosmos dealing counters in most all government offices are the places where corruption most evident. If anybody does not pay for the work it is sure wo rk wont be done. People have grown insatiable lust for money in them and they can go to any extent to get money.Undoubtedly they talk of morality and the importance of value-based life but that is for outer show. Their internal voice is something else. It is always crying for money. It has been seen the officers who are deputed to look into the matters of corruption turn out to be corrupt. Our leaders too are not less corrupt. so the network of corruption goes on as usual and remains undeterred. Corruption is seen even in the recruitment department where appointments are ensured through reliable put agencies. Nexus between politicians and bureaucrats works in a very sophisticated manner. Nexus does also exist between criminals and police. Everybody knows that criminals have no morals, hence cipher good can we expect from them. But police are supposed to be the symbol of law and order and discipline. Even they are indulged in corruption.This is more so because they enjoy unlimit ed powers and there is no action against them even on complaints and sufficient proof of abuse of office atrocities and high handedness. Corruption can be need-based or greed-based. Better governance can at least help to check need-based corruption. Better governance can check greed based corruption also because punishment for the corrupt will be very orderive and restless in a remediate-governed country. The steps should be taken to manufacture the situation overall. Declarations of property and assets of the government employees are do compulsory and routine and surprise inspections and raids be conducted at certain intervals. Though it seerris very difficult to control corruption but it is not impossible. It is not only the responsibility of the government but ours too. We can eliminatecorruption if there will be peg effort. We essential have some high principles to follow so that we may be models for the coming generation. Let us take a view to create an atmosphere free f rom corruption. That will be our highest achievement as human beings.Introduction Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely.It is not easy to define corruption. But in a narrow sense, corruption is primarily concerned with bribery and takes several forms. Corruption is a global phenomenon and is omnipresent. Corruption has risen steadily and is now rampant in our society.National StageCorruption in India is a consequence of the nexus between bureaucracy, politics and criminals. India is no longer considered a soft state. Now it has become a state of mind where everything can be had for a test. Today, the number of ministers with an honest image can be counted on the fingers. At one time, bribe was paid to do things wrong, but now they pay bribes to get things done well at the right time.Effects of corruptionindia administration is tainted with scandals. India is among 55 of the 106 countries where corruption is rampant, according to the Index of Perceived Corruption Report 2004, published by Transparency International India. Corruption in India leads to promotion not prison. It is very difficult to catch big sharks . Corruption in India has no wings wheels. As a nation grows, so do the corrupt to invent new methods of cheating the government and the public.The causes of corruptionThe causes of corruption are many and complex. The following are some of the causes of corruption. Appearance of the political selected who believe in programs to interest rather than nation-oriented policies. artificial shortages created by the people with malevolent intent destroys the fabric of the economy. Corruption is caused as well as the plus due to the change in value system and ethical qualities of men who administer. The old ideals of morality, service and honesty are considered a achronistic. The tolerance of people towards corruption, the block up lack of intense public outcry against corruption and the absence of strong public foru m to oppose corruption allow corruption to reign over people. The size of most of the population, coupled with widespread illiteracy and poor economic infrastructure tip of the endemic corruption in public life. In a highly inflationary economy, low salaries of government officials are forced to resort to the path of corruption. IIM graduates with no experience in a very attractive stipend than what government secretaries draw. complex laws and procedures alienate common people to ask any government assistance. The timing of elections is a time when corruption is at its peak. Great political fund employer to comply with the high cost of the election and ultimately seek personal favor. Bribery to politicians buys influence, and bribery of politicians buying votes. To be elected, politicians bribe poor uneducated people, who are slogging for two times meals .Measures to combat corruptionIs it possible to contain corruption in our society? Corruption is a cancer, that all Indian s should strive to cure. legion(predicate) new leaders when in power declare their determination to eradicate corruption but soon become corrupt and begin to accumulate gigantic wealth.There are many myths about corruption, which must be exploited, if we really want to fight. Some of these myths are Corruption is a way of life and nothing can be done. Only people from underdeveloped or developing countries are prone to corruption. You have to avoid all these crude fallacies while mean measures to combat corruption. Laws should be foolproof so that no discretion to politicians and bureaucrats. The role of the politician should be minimized. The implementation of the policies developed should be left to the independent outfit or authority in every area of public interest. Decision of the commission or authority should be challenged only in court. The cooperation of the people must be obtained to successfully contain corruption. People should have the right to recall elected offi cials if they see that they become indifferent to the electorate. The financing of elections is at the center of political corruption. Electoral reforms are crucial in this regard. Several reforms such as state funding of election expenses of candidates, strict compliance with legal requirements such as elections in part as political parties have their accounts audited regularly and filing tax income, denying persons with criminal records the opportunity to participate in elections should be presented Responsiveness, accountability and enhancer are a must for a clean system. Bureaucracy, the backbone of good governance, should be more citizen friendly, responsible, ethical and transparent. Once again the courts should be open to the prompt and inexpensive justice so that cases don t stay in the courts for years and justice is delivered on time. The local bodies independent of government, as Lokpals, Lokadalats, CVC and the vigilance committees should be formed to provide speed y justice with low expenses. A new fundamental right to know. Right to Information should be made, which entitles citizens to seek the information they want. bar some confidential information that relates to national and international security, another type of information should be available to the general public when necessary. strict measures against corrupt officials will undoubtedly have a deterrent effect.ConclusionCorruption is an intractable problem. Its like diabetes, can only be controlled but not all in all eliminated. It may not be possible to completely eradicate corruption at all levels, but may contain within tolerable limits. ripe and dedicated persons in public life, control over electoral expenses could be the most important recipe for fighting corruption. Corruption has a corrosive effect on our economy. Worsens our image in the international market and leads to lost opportunities abroad. Corruption is a global problem that all countries of the world are facing, solutions, however, can only be done at home. We tolerated corruption for so long. The time has come to eradicate its roots.Anna Hazares Movement Against CorruptionA new landmark in the history of independent India, a new path paved by the veteran anti- corruption campaigner Anna Hazare. His struggle against corruption was a gentle monitor of Mahatma Gandhis Satyagraha. His fast(a)-unto death, the five day fast has shown the world what Gandhism means in todays world. The power of Gandhijis non violence will never cease to exist in the ages to come. While in Libya and Yemen there is bloodshed forfreedom, where people are waging war against one another during the crisis, here in India, a consider social activist Anna Hazare is waging a peaceful, non violent war against corruption. His urge to free India of the greatest evil, corruption, commends appreciation. This fight against corruption staged at Jantar Mantar was not a one- man show. People from different parts of the country g ave their support to Anna Hazare. The greatest merit of this non violent struggle was that no political party was involved in it.Anna Hazare and his supporters were not influenced by any political party. There was only one flag waving high in the sky and in our minds, the Indian National Flag. The fast ended on a very positive note when the idea of Jan Lokpal Bill was accepted by the Government of India. According to the Jan Lokpal Bill, there will be a separate body to investigate and curb the ugly face of India.CORRUPTION where people have the right to raise their voice against corrupt politicians. Moreover the CBI will be seen as an independent body, free of any other external influence. Now that the bill is going to be sanctioned, a very important question arises. Can all the Indians touch their heart and say with confidence that the Jan Lokpal Bill will eradicate corruption Maybe to an extent but I dont think it will erase corruption completely in a vast country like India. The Jan Lokpal Bill may have loopholes like the Right to Information Act, an Act passed due to the thrust laid by Anna Hazare. According to the right to information act, the citizens of India have the right to get information on any matter concerning the country, but recently an incident occurred which clearly reflects the loopholes in it. A citizen of India lodged a complaint about the illegal wealth possessed by the former chief justice of India, K.G Balakrishnan.Even today complete information about the wealth of this most corrupted chief justice of India is not cognise to the public. Why? Is it beyond the Right to Information Act? Similar loopholes are likely to be there in the Lokpal bill also. It is sure that as time passes some illegal and illogical rule will come whereby the citizens cannot use this bill against the Prime Minister, Chief justice and so on thus close its use. The new committee formed to frame the bill must take in the interest of all sections of the population . It should be taken care that the bill will be unbiased and does not favour any person be it the president or prime minister. Further it should be accompanied by other reformation, yes, reformation fromthe grass root level. Recently when assembly elections were held in Kerala, crores of rupees were spent by each candidate of the 140 constituencies for campaigning. Where did this money come from?If it is the contribution made by big industrialists and so on, then those candidates when elected should serve their interests. In Tamil Nadu, people are given free T.Vs and laptops. Where did this money come from? all in all these are different manifestations of corruption. A very effective way to end corruption is to reduce the money power in elections. Crores of rupees are deposited as mysterious money by many influential people abroad.This unaccounted money should be brought back and if it is done, this black money alone can provide the necessary monetary resource required for the co nstruction of metros in all the states of India. These reformations if enforced can provide that extra impetus needed to curb corruption along with the Lokpal bill. The Lokpal bill is cent percent legitimate and it upholds the spirit of the constitution because its main aim is to create a corruption- free India.If by any chance it is against any article of the constitution, it is better to amend the constitution rather than the bill because of its most noble cause. The 2G spectrum case, Adharsh Bhavan Colony, commonwealth games are the different issues which we have been hearing in the last few months which has made India a laughing stock in the comity of nations. Let us use the Jan Lokpal bill wisely, sealing its loopholes and see the ultimate result. Let us take to for the best.Corruption in India has made inroads in all fields of life. Corruption is present in politics, the bureaucracy, corporate and private sectors and is the root cause for most of the problems that pestilence India. Since the last year, the issue has been widely debated and there has been a considerable mass mobilization against corruption by social activist Sri Anna Hazare and his team members. The Government of India complete a Group of Ministers (GoM) in January 2011 to consider measures to tackle corruption. It has submitted two reports.In pursuance of this, 1. Government has directed that requests for sanction of prosecution are to be dogged upon by the competent authority within a period of three months. 2. Government decided that for all officers of the central government above the rank of spliff Secretary, the competent authority to approve initiation ofenquiry/investigation under Section 6A of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act will be the Minister-in-charge in the Government of India. 3. Government has also accepted the recommendation of the GoM to put in place regulatory parameters for exercise of discretionary powers by Ministers and to place them in public domain 4. A comprehensive Lokpal and Lakyuktas Bill, 2011 was passed by the Lok Sabha this year. 1. The Whistle Blowers Protection Bill 2011 intended to provide protection to whistle-blowers, was passed by the Lok Sabha and is presently with the Rajya Sabha. 2. India ratified the United Nations throng Against Corruption in May, 2011. The Convention has entered into force for India on 8th June 2011. With a view to ensuring full compliance with this Convention, The Prevention of Bribery of Foreign Public Officials and Officials of Public International Organizations Bill 2011 was introduced in the Lok Sabha. The Report of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on the Bill is under consideration of the Government.

Qualitative research Essay

PREPARING A field remove A Guide for Designing and Conducting a facial expression sketch for Evaluation Input By Palena Neale, PhD, ripened Evaluation Associate Shyam Thapa, PhD, Senior observe and Evaluation Advisor Carolyn Boyce, MA, Evaluation Associate May 2006 P AT H F I N D E R I N T E R N AT I O N A L T O O L S E R I E S monitor and Evaluation 1 PREPARING A CASE STUDY A Guide for Designing and Conducting a strip subscribe to for Evaluation Input By Palena Neale, PhD, Senior Evaluation Associate Shyam Thapa, PhD, Senior Monitoring and Evaluation Advisor Carolyn Boyce, MA, Evaluation Associate.May 2006 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the following Pathfinder employees and partners for their technical inputs into this document Emmanuel Boadi (Pathfinder/Ghana), Anne Palmer (Futures Group International), Ugo Daniels (African Youth Alliance (AYA)), Veronique Dupont (Pathfinder/Extending help Delivery (ESD)), Cathy Solter, Lauren Dunnington, and Shannon Pr yor (Pathfinder headquarters). Jenny Wilder and Mary Burket argon in addition thanked for their inputs and assistance in editing and producing this document. 2 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL paternity A CASE STUDY.What is a Case Study? A causal agent study is a story wellhead-nigh some(prenominal)thing singular, special, or interestingstories can be about individuals, organizations, processes, broadcasts, neighborhoods, institutions, and counterbalance events. 1 The baptistery study gives the story behind the result by capturing what happened to bring it about, and can be a good opport unit of measurementy to highlight a projects success, or to bring attention to a particular challenge or difficulty in a project. Cases2 might be selected because they are highly effective, non effective, representative, typical, or of special interest.A few examples of case study topics are sufferd belowthe case studies would describe what happened when, to whom, and with what consequences i n each case. Case Study Examples Shifting Attitudes of Youth-Serving Service Providers Uniqueness/Point of Interest Your program was able to change service providers attitudes towards dealing with Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive wellness (ASRH) needs in an environment where providers attitudes train been a barrier to young people accessing SRH services. Your program was effective in introducing YFS to the MOH and in institutionalizing an YFS syllabus in a setting where the MOH did not provide YFS.Your program was able to integrate HIV prevention in several FBO service delivery points in an environment that normally does not allow in or welcome HIV prevention activities. Your program built the leadership capacity of youth to advocate, promote, and participate in decision making around ASRH. This transpired in a setting that did not allow in ASRH on the agenda nor encourage youth participation in worldwide or in decision making in particular. Integrating Youth-Friendly Service s (YFS) in the Ministry of health (MOH) Integrating HIV Prevention in Faith-Based Organization (FBO) Health Services Delivery.Developing Youth Leadership in Tanzania 1 2 Yin, Robert K. (2003). Case Study Research Design and Methods. super C Oakds Sage Publications. Case refers to the unit of analysis or topic chosen for study (i. e. , the individual, organization, or program). PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 3 When is a Case Study Appropriate? Case studies are appropriate when there is a unique or interesting story to be told. Case studies are frequently used to provide context to other(a) data (such as outcome data), offering a more complete picture of what happened in the program and why.What are the Advantages and Limitations of a Case Study? The primary advantage of a case study is that it provides much more detailed information than what is available through other methods, such as surveys. Case studies also allow one to present data collected from multiple met hods (i. e. , surveys, questions, document review, and observation) to provide the complete story. There are a few limitations and pitfalls however, each of which is described below. Can be lengthy Because they provide detailed information about the case in narrative form, it may be difficult to hold a readers interest if too lengthy.In writing the case study, care should be taken to provide the rich information in a digestible manner. Concern that case studies lack rigor Case studies have been viewed in the evaluation and question palm as less rigorous than surveys or other methods. Reasons for this include the fact that qualitative research in general is still considered unscientific by some and in many cases, case study researchers have not been systematic in their data collection or have allowed bias in their findings.In conducting and writing case studies, all involved should use care in being systematic in their data collection and take steps to get wind validity3 and rel iability4 in the study. Not generalizable A common complaint about case studies is that it is difficult to generalize from one case to another. But case studies have also been prone to overgeneralization, which comes from selecting a few examples and assuming without evidence that they are typical or representative of the population.Yin, a prominent researcher, advises case study analysts to generalize findings to theories, as a scientist generalizes from experimental results to theories. 5 3 4 Validity refers to the degree to which a study accurately reflects or assesses the specific concept that the researcher is attempting to measure. reliableness is the extent to which an experiment, test, or any measuring procedure yields the same result on repeated trials. 5 Yin, Robert K. (2003). Case Study Research Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks Sage Publications. 4 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY.What is the Process for Conducting a Case Study? The process for conducting ca se study research follows the same general process as is followed for other research plan, collect data, analyze data, and disseminate findings. More detailed steps are given below. 1. regard differentiate stakeholders who will be involved. Brainstorm a case study topic, considering types of cases and why they are unique or of interest. Identify what information is needed and from whom (see What are authorization Sources of Information? and What are the Elements of a Case Study? ). Identify any documents needed for review. List stakeholders to be queryed or surveyed (national, facility, and beneficiary levels) and determine pattern if necessary. Ensure research will follow international and national ethical research standards, including review by ethical research committees. For more information, please see the International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects, available at http//www. cioms. ch/frame_guidelines_nov_2002. htm. 2. Develop In struments Develop wonder/survey protocolsthe rules that guide the administration and implementation of the interview/survey.Put simply, these are the instructions that are followed to date consistency across interviews/surveys, and thus ontogeny the reliability of the findings. The following instructions for the should be included in the protocol What to hypothesize to interviewees when setting up the interview/survey What to say to interviewees when beginning the interview/survey, including ensuring informed consent of the respondent (see Appendix 1 for an example) What to say to respondent in concluding the interview What to do during the interview (Example Take notes? Audiotape? Both?) and What to do following the interview (Example Fill in notes? Check audiotape for lucidness?Summarize key information for each? Submit written findings? ). Develop an interview guide/survey that lists the questions or issues to be explored and includes an informed consent form. enthral note that you will likely need interview guides/surveys for each group of stakeholders, as questions may differ. Where necessary, translate guides into local languages and test translation. PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 5 3. Train Data Collectors Identify and train data collectors (if necessary).(See dressing Tips for Data Collectors6. ) Where necessary, use interviewers that speak the local language. Training Tips for Data Collectors Staff, youth program participants, or professional interviewers may be involved in data collection. Regardless of what experience data collectors have, training should include An introduction to the evaluation objectives, A review of data collection techniques, A thorough review of the data collection items and instruments, Practice in the use of the instruments, Skill-building exercises on interviewing and interpersonal communication, and Discussion of ethical issues.4. Collect Data Gather all relevant documents. Set up int erviews/surveys with stakeholders (be sure to explain the purpose, why the stakeholder has been chosen, and the expected duration). set about informed consent of each respondent (written or documented oral). Re-explain purpose of interview, why the stakeholder has been chosen, expected duration of, whether and how the information will be unbroken confidential, and the use of a note taker/tape rec articulate. If the respondent has consented, conduct the interview/survey. 5. Analyze Data Review all relevant documents. Review all interview/survey data. 6. Disseminate Findings Write report (see What are the Elements of a Case Study? ). Solicit feedback. Revise Disseminate 6 Adamchak, S. , et. al. (2000). A Guide to Monitoring and Evaluating Adolescent Reproductive Health Programs. Available at http//www. pathfind. org/site/PageServer? pagename=Publications_FOCUS_Guides_and_Tools. 6 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY What are Potential Sources of Information? Case stu dies typically rely on multiple sources of information and methods to provide as complete a picture as possible.Information sources could include Project documents (including confrontation minutes) Project reports, including quarterly reports, midterm reviews Monitoring visits Mystery customer reports rapidness assessment reports Interviews Questionnaire/survey results Evaluation reports Observation Other What are the Elements of a Case Study? Case studies do not have set elements that need to be included the elements of each will vary depending on the case or story chosen, the data collected, and the purpose (for example, to illustrate a best case versus a typical case).However, case studies typically describe a program or intervention put in place to reference work a particular problem. Therefore, we provide the following elements and example on which you might back off 1. The Problem i. Identify the problem ii. Explain why the problem is important iii. How was the problem identified? iv. Was the process for identifying the problem effective? 2. Steps taken to address the problem 3. Results 4. Challenges and how they were met 5. Beyond Results 6. Lessons Learned.PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 7 1. The Problem It is essential to identify what the problem was. Specifically i. Identify the problem. For example, certain FBO leadership was opposed to including HIV prevention activities within their programming. Specifically, they felt that prevention activities would promote sex among youth and thereby increase the incidence of HIV. In addition, the FBO felt that the promotion of condoms as a form of prevention was morally wrong. ii. Explain why the problem is important.Following the same example, to provide a world-wide reception to HIV/AIDS, prevention activities are an important part of HIV programming, in addition to care and support. Addressing moral and phantasmal concerns and objections of FBO leaders in order to incorporat e this component greatly expands the prevention effort and offers a greater breadth and depth in HIV programming. iii. How was the problem identified? It is likely that program supply will have an idea of what general problems exist. For example, YFS is not integrated in the MOH, FBOs do not include prevention activities, youth involvement does not occur, etc.What was likely missing and required exploration were the details around this general problem. In the case of working with FBOs, an initial project planning meeting was held to discuss the specifics behind the problem. It was revealed during this process that certain FBOs who conducted care and support activities did not offer prevention activities, specifically condom promotion. The primary reason given was ghostly objections another reason identified but not explicitly stated was stigma. iv. Was the process for identifying the problem effective?After additional one-on-one discussions with FBO leaders, it was determined that the leaders had concerns based on moral and religious grounds regarding prevention efforts, particularly promoting condoms. Furthermore, discussions revealed that a number of leaders had limited and/or erroneous information regarding transmittance and prevention options. 8 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 2. Steps Undertaken to Address the Problem What was done (activities/ interventions/ inputs), where, by whom, for whom?In the case of integrating prevention in FBOs, an illustrative outline of steps undertaken to address the problem is given below What was done? Phase 1 sensitisation Sensitization of leadership activities included reviewing FBO policies and bylaws by program staff in order to demonstrate to leadership that there were no constitutional objections to prevention activities. Project staff engaged liberal FBO leaders to supply quotes from the Bible to build their evidence-based argument to convince other leaders that there was in fact no biblical basis f or the preclusion of prevention activities.Sensitization of facility managers meet with managers to discuss leadership approval and present evidence-based arguments on why integration activities can be included. Sensitization of community work with groups to explain that these activities have been approved by the FBO leadership and where they can go to receive services. Phase 2 Integration readiness assessments Selected facilities Project Staff, FBO representatives Local Implementing Partners (IPs) Project Staff, facility Managers Contractor FBOs, Project Staff Facility Staff District/ National Project Staff FBO leaders Where? By Whom? For Whom?Facilities Project Staff Facility Managers Community catchment areas Project Staff Community members Training of service providers Selected facilities Conduct staff orientations Facilities Facility Staff Physical basis improved Phase 3 Outreach Identify peers that you want to work with Training Provide Tools Supervision Phase 4 M&E Reasses sments Facilities Facility Selected facilities Facilities Facility Staff IPs Project Peer supervisors Beneficiaries Peers Peers Peers Sample of selected facilities Project Staff, Facility Management, Youth Trained mystery clients Project Staff, Peer Supervisors.Facility, Project Staff Mystery client interviews Monitoring visits Facilities Facilities, Peers Facility staff, Project Staff PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 9 3. Results What were the results of your intervention, particularly the significant or unique results? For example your activities resulted in the FBO including HIV prevention activities in their programming, which contributed to an increase in condom distribution. Or, your activities resulted in youth-serving service providers adopting a youth-friendly attitude which contributed to improved services and an increase in youth visits.Church leadership may have made a commitment and modified policies to include ASRH activities, leadership palavering about the issues publicly. Facility managers may make financial commitments to refurbishments, training, etc. 4. Challenges and how they were met This focuses on what challenges or difficulties you encountered and what you did to overcome them. One of the challenges in working with FBOs may have been dealing with Catholic FBOs and your response could have been to negotiate with them to include certain prevention activities like abstinence, and/or providing a referral point to youth who may want to get information about condoms.Another possible challenge is that not all FBOs who you had hoped to work with were spontaneous to come on board and this required additional attention. 5. Beyond Results Are the results mentioned to a higher place sustainable? Why or why not? For example, an integrated approach to programming (which included a strong insurance and advocacy component) created an enabling policy environment with strong stakeholder support that can be nurtured and leveraged beyond t he project duration. 6. Lessons Learned What lessons were learned programmatic, technical, financial, process, etc.?For example, the experience showed that it was imperative for project staff to have a very solid understanding of government policies to speak to these issues with key stakeholders. In addition, it was important to have a good understanding of the various religious beliefs in addition to their respective policies and by-laws for developing and delivering advocacy arguments. How are Case Studies Presented? Case studies are flexible in that they can be presented in a number of waysthere is no specific format to follow.However, like all evaluation results, justification and methodology of the study should be provided, as well as any supporting information (i. e. , copies of instruments and guides used in the study). Case studies may stand alone or be included in a larger evaluation report. If presented as a stand-alone report, the following report outline is suggested 1. Introduction and Justification 2. Methodology a. How was the process carried out? (Describe the process of selecting the case and data collection sources, as well as how data was collected. ) b. What assumptions are there (if any)?10 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. c. Are there any limitations with this method? d. What instruments were used to collect data? (You may want to include some or all in the appendix. ) e. What sample(s) is/are being used? f. Over which period of time was this data collected? The Problem The Steps Taken to Address the Problem The Results The Challenges and How They were Met Beyond Results Lessons Learned mop up Appendices Where Can More Information on Case Studies be Found? Information on Case Study Research Adamchak, S. , et. al. (2000).A Guide to Monitoring and Evaluating Adolescent Reproductive Health Programs. Available at http//www. pathfind. org/pf/pubs/focus/guidesandtools/PDF/Part%20II. pdf. Patton, Michael Q. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks Sage Publications. Stake, Robert E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks Sage Publications. United States General Accounting Office, Program Evaluation and Methodology Division. (1987). Case Study Evaluations. Available at http//161. 203. 16. 4/t2pbat22/132683. pdf. Yin, Robert K. (2003). Case Study Research Design and Methods.London Sage Publications. Examples of Case Studies Cornwall, A. and Welbourn, A. (2002). Realizing Rights Transforming Approaches to Sexual and Reproductive Well-Being. London Zed Books. Population Council. Quality/Calidad/Qualite series. Available at http//www. popcouncil. org/publications/qcq/default. htm. SRI International. (2001). The Organization of skill in Community Technology Centers Learning with Technology in Six Communities. Available at http//www. americaconnects. net/research/SRI_case_study_report. pdf. PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 11Appendix 1 Sam ple Informed Consent Form Key Components Thank you Your name Purpose Confidentiality Duration How interview will be conducted Opportunity for questions Signature of consent I want to thank you for taking the time to meet with me today. My name is ________________________ and I would like to talk to you about your experiences participating in the African Youth Alliance (AYA) project. Specifically, as one of the components of our overall program evaluation we are assessing program effectiveness in order to capture lessons that can be used in future interventions.The interview should take less than an hour. I will be taping the session because I dont want to miss any of your comments. Although I will be taking some notes during the session, I cant mayhap write fast enough to get it all down. Because were on tape, please be sure to speak up so that we dont miss your comments. All responses will be kept confidential. This means that your interview responses will only be shared w ith research team members and we will ensure that any information we include in our report does not identify you as the respondent.Remember, you dont have to talk about anything you dont want to and you may end the interview at any time. Are there any questions about what I have just explained? Are you willing to participate in this interview? __________________ Interviewee __________________ Witness __________ Date ______________________________________Legal guardian (if interviewee is under 18) 12 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL SAMPLE IN mixed bagED CONSENT FORM Pathfinder International 9 Galen Street, Suite 217 Watertown, MA 02472 USA Tel 617-924-7200 Email Informationpathfind. org 05/06/500.

Peapod: Online Grocery Shopping

pea Pod Behaviors and equality What behaviors are involved in online foodstuff shop? How does online market shopping compare with traditional shopping in terms of behavioral effort? The behaviors involved in online grocery shopping are information contact, monetary resource access, and transaction. The information contact occurs when consumers come into contact with information, either intentionally or accidentally, ab break through products, stores, or brands (J. Paul Peter, 2010, p. 95) Funds access or money is the uncomplicated medium of consumer exchange. The consumer must access this medium in one form or a nonher before an exchange can occur (J. Paul Peter, 2010, p. 198) I do not believe that the store contact or the product contact is applicable here since the purchases are being made online and not in a brick and mortar store which would admit the customer to see, touch, and feel the items they wish to purchase. The behavioral efforts found in an online grocery shopping can be expound as in an emergency case only.Online shopping is used when the customer does not have enough time to get into the supermarket to shop. Yet the success of Pea Pod relies on these types of customers for the success of their continued business. The behaviors of traditional shopping are information contact, funds access, store contact, product contact, and transaction. What both the online and traditional shopper has in coarse are the consumption and disposition, and the communication. Consumers What types of consumers are likely to value online grocery shopping from Peapod?The type of consumers that are likely to value online grocery shopping from Peapod are the engage consumers, women, older people, people without cars (if the stores are not walking distance) and the dual-income families (that) are strapped for time (J. Paul Peter, 2010, p. 209) to name a few. These customers may feel as if they have no time to get into a brick and mortar store. Their careers and qui ck paced life may make it inconvenient to take time from their day to get this task of grocery shopping done.Yet, with Peapod, they can order whatever they require online and they know that it will get delivered at their specified time. They did not have to drive to a store, common land their car, walk into the store, find a cart or a basket, walk the aisles to pick their products, get on line to pay, put the items on the belt, pay for their items, dish their items, walk back to the car, load the car, drive home, unload the car, and put their groceries a right smart. Peapod saves them all of the steps except for going online and picking the items, paying, and putting the items away once delivered.Opinion and Comparison Overall, what do you think about the idea of online grocery shopping? How does it compare with simply eating in restaurants and avoiding grocery shopping and cooking altogether? I will answer this question from a personal standpoint and not from data or information found in the specified reading. The idea of online shopping definitely intrigues me but I cannot find myself doing it. I can understand the need for this type of service based on the convenience but it is not for me.As a 46 year old career woman who is very rarely home, because of my required travels, I am the perfect customer for an online shopping program. Peapod is created and gear towards making my shopping experience easy and effortless but my better judgment goes against it. I am of the old fashioned belief that I need to see, touch, smell, and feel everything I purchase. I cannot find myself allowing someone else to pick the same pack of steak I would. How would the person picking my order know which stalk of broccoli I would pick had I done it myself?Although, I am usually limited for time, a trip to the grocery store, for me, is a fun and relaxing way to get the items I need to prepare the meals while I am at home. Interestingly enough, my grocery store of preference is St op n support which is the owner of Peapod. (J. Paul Peter, 2010, p. 209) Stop nShop has a system in their stores to allow the customer on the run to save a few steps and helps them get out the door quicker. They have scanning guns at the entrance of the store that a customer can use to scan their items and allow them to accordingly put them directly into their shopping bag.Once all the shopping is done, you take the scanner to a register where the items you have scanned will download onto a separate which then allows you to pay for your purchase. It saves the time by not having to take all of your items out, put them on the belt, wait for a cashier to scan and charge the items, and then put them into bags. I have found this process to be wonderful and time saving for me. While, as I mentioned above, I am not a fan of online shopping and when compared to eating out it is safe to say that buying nline will be cost effective as compared to a restaurant. Eating out all of the time ins tead of buying groceries and cooking at home will become very expensive. Also, the time spent getting to the restaurant, placing the order, waiting for the preparation, eating (if you are staying in), paying the bill, then getting back home will be a much longer process in time as compared to shopping and cooking at home. References J. Paul Peter, J. C. (2010). Consumer Behavior & Marketing Strategy (9th Edition ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill Irwin.

America’s Vision Essay

Fame, wealth, freedom, and success. Every person desires a life where riches, glory, or freedom surround them. Numerous people consider this woolgather the the Statesn daydream, however, is it really possible to achieve? Even those various immigrants who travel a great distance to come to America to live their own American dream briefly become intemperate people. The idea of the American dream is not attainable because people in general be exceedingly paradoxical and are perpetually left yearning for more in a variety of ways.In the heartfelt story America and Americans, Is the American Dream Even Possible, by washbasin Steinbeck, he wrote, One of the generalities often noted about the Americans is that we are restless, a dissatisfied, a searching people (Steinbeck 1). I feel that Steinbeck conveys a great mountain of truth about Americans and how we live our lives. We all aspire to aim something and once we acquire it we become discontent and strive to have more. For instanc e, a man works his whole life to become someone or something he truly is not and once he gets there he realizes that he wants more and longs to become more. In truth we all do what we want to and are searching for the greatest, but nothing ever seems to be wide-cut enough in our dissatisfied lives.Immigrants from all over the world arrive in America to pursue their own American dream. Whether they come for religious freedom, education, or just to obtain better lives, they quickly strive for more and more flat though they have accomplished their intended goals. After residing in America for years they overlook the ways of their homeland customs and become drawn to the lives of Americans even when it is in opposition to their original traditions. In numerous ways they somewhat become brainwashed by Americans who live their lives not in reality but in idealism, and they adjudicate to live their life like them as well. However, once they return to their homelands after believing they have obtained their goals, they cannot figure out why their families and friends no longer beseech to speak to them. They have altered and become intemperate people resembling us Americans and have brought back terrible habits and ways to their homelands that their people have despised in their customs for several years.Americans are truly paradoxical people who say one thing and do another. Weare constantly contradicting ourselves and others and cannot spread over why we are so unhappy. We make every effort to achieve happiness but nothing ever seems to be good enough. John Steinbeck expresses that our priorities are extremely wrong in this quote, Americans are remarkably kind and hospitable and open with both guests and strangers yet they will make a wide daily round around the man dying on the pavement. Fortunes are spent getting cats out of trees and dogs out of sewer pipes but a girl screaming for dish in the street draws only slammed doors, closed widows, and silence (Ste inbeck 1). Steinbeck puts across a serious point and I boldly agree that we Americans have our priorities twisted around.Ultimately, Americans have a large number of adjustments they will have to carry out before they will ever be able to achieve their American dream and be content. We are so full of dissatisfaction and failure to stick with our goals. We tread on friends and family who get in the way of our so called American dream, and after we guess we have attained it we are not sure as to why we are so miserable. If Americans can take that further step to transform, the American dream may become possible. However, until then the American dream will merely be an idea, not a possibility.Works Cited1. Steinbeck, John. America and Americans, Is the American dream even possible.

Multivitamin

In my house I have two types of multivitamins on hand. I have Marvels, The Amazing Spider-man complete multiple Vitamin and Mineral Supplement with DHA. I also have Equate Womans unmatched Daily with calcium, Iron, and Zinc multivitamin and Mineral Supplement. My son, although an adult, prefers the taste of a chewable, which is why I have Spider-man vitamins on hand for a 20 year old.The turn a profit of taking either of these vitamins every day is that no matter what you eat each day, since a daily victuals usually varies, your body is guaranteed to receive at least the minimum amount of essential vitamins and minerals a body needs to perform at its best. Almost every person has a day where they didnt eat breakfast, or maybe they skipped lunch, the vitamin, helps to replace what they missed in getting from the nutrients given to a body through food. For instance, I do not throw a lot of milk. Therefore, unless I am eating a larger amount of other dairy products to compensate, I need a vitamin that contains calcium to clog up my bone growth, structure, and to prevent osteoporosis since I am in my 40s.While not having enough vitamins and minerals in your body can cause many wellness related problems, over taking them can also cause health problems. They fact is that most vitamins and minerals are absorbed into the body, and eating a fit diet with only one supplement can keep a person healthy and balanced. However, most throng do not eat a healthy diet, therefore the supplements can help keep them on track. One must keep in mind as well though that some people over use supplements thinking they are increasing their health when the reality is they may be causing the very problems they are trying to prevent. The textbook relates to a study showing that too much pyridoxine caused people to lose the ability to walk (Chapter 8 The Vitamins, n.d.), whereas not enough was thought to cause disquiet and depression. The text also explains how sailors did not get sc urvy when they took vitamin C. Too much vitamin C causes stomach ailments.Based on the guidelines, in my home, vitamins are needed. We do not eat a proper healthy diet that would contain all the correct amounts of vitamins and minerals our bodies need to support good health. Taking a vitamin everyday, which we do, makes me feel a little bit better about the state of our health and daily diet.

Ethical Issues Created by Technology Essay

It is my belief that a crucial part of the ethics of art is computer ethics or information ethics. Most corporations today be teetering on whether computer improprieties be a violation of professional ethic rather than a legal ethics issue. The purpose of this composing go forth be to examine some of the good issues of the Internet as it relates to the theft of private or personal information from the material sent over the Internet.Professional ethics can best be defined as learning what is right wing or wrong as it relates to the workplace and then doing the right thing. This Code of Professional Ethics lays down the standards of integrity, professionalism and confidentiality which all members of that particular profession shall be bound to revere in their work. Where as legal ethics is best defined as principles of conduct that members of the profession are expected to observe in the constraints of the governing integritys. These ethics are usually the outgrowth or the di scipline of both case or Tort court findings and verdicts.To better explain this issue. The Internet is a worldwide Web of linked networks and computers, whose nature is such that it is very difficult if not impossible, to determine its size at a given moment. It is indisputable, however, that the Internet recently has experienced a tremendous growth, with the ranks of new users swelling at ever-increasing rates. This expansion has catapulted it from the realm of academic research towards newfound mainstream acceptance and increased social relevance for the total individual.This increased reliance on the Internet has the potential to erode the personal concealing that an individual formerly took for granted. New users of the Internet generally do not realize that every post they make to a newsgroup, every piece of email they send, every reality Wide Web page they access, and every degree they purchase online is monitored or logged by some unseen third party. The impact on pers onal privacy is enormous. Databases of many different kinds, selling or giving a mien collections of personal data, already exist, and this practice will only become more common as the demand for this information grows.One of the most enkindle examples is that of advertisers and marketers who, by using sophisticated new research, have begun to target the rapidly growing numbers of users online. World Wide Web sites and other interactive online services are being designed to capture the committedness and spending power of the lucrative cyber tot category. A variety of new interactive advertising and trade techniques have been developed specifically for this new medium.The right to privacy in Internet activity, especially in creating databases out of personal information, is a serious issue facing society. As such it raises serious ethical issues. An additional example is of the people on the Internet who use anonymous servers as a way to avoid responsibility for controversial and inappropriate behavior. Cases of harassment and abuse have become increasingly frequent, assist by a cloak of anonymity. There are also problems with fraud and scam artists who elude law enforcement authorities through anonymous mailings and postings. These types of examples describe the ethical issues created by technology and the people or corporations that wangle them.In conclusion I believe that the global nature of the Internet makes addressing the ethical issues associated with Internet or information privacy daunting and complex. It is an arena without walls or physical boundaries, where the ethical values vary from field to country. Even within the United States there is dissent and disagreement about the definitions of Internet Privacy, who owns that information, and what constitutes appropriate or inappropriate use of that information. Perhaps the issues that have been unsuccessfully resolved through the law (or because of a lack of relevant laws) can be resolved throu gh the creation of moral and ethical guidelines that will rig the issues, at which point legal protections can be put in place.

Literary Standards Essay

There atomic number 18 generally considered to be seven standards a piece of literature should abide to in order to be considered literary. If a piece of writing is considered literary this usually suggests that it is a scholarly article or classical writing that is extremely well written and is very informative.Literary writing can be intellectual and contain a lot of cleverly hidden meanings which ensure the writing can be enjoyed and studied on some(prenominal) opposite levels and frequently still enjoyed many years after it was written. many people believe that literature can non be defined and literary theory should simply be notion of as way of interpreting both texts and events.The seven standards that a piece of literature usually contains to be considered literary arePermanenceAn important feature of great literature is that it endures. Classic literature such(prenominal) as Dickens is still enjoyed by readers today, generations after it was originally written and in a tout ensemble different world to the one it was intended for. This is extremely important because if a work of literature is not enjoyed 20 years after publication, it go out simply be forgotten.Universal appealThis is similar to resolution in the fact that literature must appeal to a range of people across different age groups, nationalities, cultures and beliefs.ArtistryThe literature should be well written and appeal to our creative sides with beautifully crafted phrases and sentences. Sentences such as these are lots memorized and can beat famous phrases.StyleThe writer of literature testament usually have a unique view of the world and will put thoughts to us in a way we have never considered. It whitethorn be thoughts well-nigh the world or it may simply be thoughts nigh the actual words used. Words may be used in a creative and unusual way that is entertaining and interested.Intellectually valuableLiterary work will usually inform us about our past, our present or th e world around us. It may not be in the form of facts and figures but it will help us understand our lives and realize truths about humanity and purport in general. Literature should mentally stimulate us and enriches our thoughts.SuggestivenessLiterature should carry many associations that lead beyond the surface meaning. Underlying suggestions usually carry an enormous amount of emotional power, often because it is not directly mentioned but hinted at through associations that can often be more powerful. The reader is left to establish what the author is suggesting and this captures the readers imagination by making think about what they are reading and engaging them into the story.Spiritual ValueGreat works of literature are often thought to have an underlying moral message that can potentially make us damp people. Moral set are often written between the lines and can help us become better people. 1.ARTISTRY this is a quality which appeals to our sense of beauty. 2.INTELLECTU AL VALUE a literary work stimulates thought. It enriches our mental life by making us realize fundamental truths about life and human nature. 3.SUGGESTIVENESS this is the quality associated w/the emotional power of literature. 4.SPIRITUAL VALUE Literature elevates the spirit by bringing out moral values which make us better persons. 5.PERMANENCE a great work of literature endures. 6.UNIVERSALITY great literature is imperishable and timely. 7.STYLE this is the peculiar way in which a writer sees life, forms his ideas and expresses them.

Mean Creek- Important Idea

justify an important composition in a text you subscribe to studied. Explain why you found it enkindle. Discuss visual and verbal techniques in your answer. In the film Mean brook directed by Jacob Aaron Estes, the important idea of loss of white is very interesting as it tells the story and hang after ons us how quickly things can transfigure. The director shows us this through the way the characters change during the burial of George, the excogitate snap written in a tree and the guilt mat up by Millie and surface-to-air missile. Firstly I found the important idea of loss of innocence interesting during the burial of George as this is when they lose their innocence.When they watch to bury Georges body the character all(a) lose what innocence they had left. This is shown as everyone help besides Millie who doesnt desire to scram a part in it. At this moment the director uses a faction of dark lighting and close up shots of Millies partially hidden face in the shadows of the trees to show how dark and lost Millie has be tot since the death of George. She is hiding from the truth and wants to act like nothing is way out to change. The director also uses a slow sad chelo during this scene as lament like, it is a parable for the death of Millies and everyone elses innocence.Millie is already starting to feel guilty as she earlier in the film stated go ahead Clyde start the game. This shows she does not feel unimpeachable at all but does not want to admit it. When Millie is by herself instead of helping with the burial a foley effect is used as she stabs a snail followed by sudden silence. This was Millies was to let at all her frustration and anger on the events that have occurred and her own actions which contributed in Georges death. This scene helps makes the important idea interesting as it is the moment when they all lose their innocence.Secondly I found the important idea interesting through the way Millie carved the word snap into a tree . At the start of the film when Millie and surface-to-air missile are innocently talking about what George did to Sam, Millie says If you could snap your fingers and he would drop dead in his tracks would you? A full shot is used to show George sitting down by himself, this shows how lonely he is and makes us actually feel sympathy towards him. This is followed by silence which shows how Sam doesnt want to hurt George. This emphasises the innocence of Sam as he did not wish to do anything which could result in the death of George.This credit foreshadows the death of George. As a stunner tension builds u as we wait the events that link to the death. later on the death of George, Millie engraves the word Snap into a tree. This is significant as it shows how liveness can change as fast as the snap of the fingers. A foley effect is used on the scratching of the knife on the tree to show Millies anger and how she feels they have not only turned flipped there life upside down but the y took a life and destroyed Georges relatives lives. The foley effect turns your attention the Millie as the viewer anticipates what she is writing . e forthwith see how just 24 hours before they were all living a normal happy life but now they are emotionally distort and stumped for a certainty of what to do. The word snap makes the important idea of loss of innocence interesting as it shows how fast they have totally lost their innocence. Lastly loss of innocence is seen as interesting as Millie and Sam come out and talk about what has happened. When Sam goes to Millies room we notice a great change in her personality and feelings. Millie is no longer a bright happy person as we now see her as a frightened little girl.The director uses dark lighting and a wide shot to shows as Millie steering into the mirror. When Millie is steering into the mirror it is silent as she looks frustrated and confused as if she thinks her appearance should have change but everything looks the same a s if nothing has happened. When Sam talks to Millie a combination of dark lighting and close up shots of Millies half hidden face in the darkness of her bedroom show us how miserable she looks as she is hiding from the truth and is in self-discipline of the fact that their life has changed. What do you want, I was just there shows us how Millie does not want to accept the truth as well as the consequences of her actions but knows she can not live with all the guilt. Millie was trying to act like she feels innocent but the remorseful ton in her voice suggests otherwise. Sam and Millie know they are not innocent as the guilt inside them grows and makes them wonder if keeping Georges death a secret is the best thing to do. When we become doctors and lawyers and all that what do you think it pull up stakes be like? The director follows this question with silence to show how they both think telling the truth and accepting the consequences will be best. This makes us feel sorry for the m and it is as if some of their innocence has come back to them as we are reminded of the fact that they are still children when they talk about their future and that they have come to a decision of telling the truth which is what they wanted in the first place.In conclusion I found the important idea of loss of innocence very interesting as the director takes as on a roller-coaster of feelings as kids make the biggest decision of their lives. With the burial of George, the word Snap and the guilt felt by Sam and Millie the childrens innocence is lost but they regain some as they come to the correct conclusion. The interesting idea of loss of innocence shows us how fast some of the most innocent people feel guilty and how people can unintentionally lose their innocence in a matter of minutes.

Apple Business Strategy Analysis

outline description of PC and Smartphones industry Smartphones Company Market share Key success factors humanoid 68,1% * software product program * innovation * synchronization with google account Apple 16,9% * jut * style * size * capacity * software * download facility * distribution Blackberry 4,8% * reliability * carrier friendly * externalise Nokia 4,4% * charge power * reliability * distribution * clients service PC Company Market share Key success factors HP 17,2% * reliability * clients service * hardware * fingerprint reader Lenovo 13,0% * human body * price friendlyDell 12,1% * design * leaned produce line * worldwide clients support * reliability Acer 11,2% * price effiency Asus 5,9% * design * price friendly Tablets Apple 61,4% * design * processor * weight * storage * capacity * style Samsung 7,5% * innovation * design * capacity The worldwide sales of tablets are almost doubled in 2012 and PC grocery middling decreases as a whole. With the launch of iPad2 m ore customers switched to buying alternative device or PC looks comparable tablets. Apple iOS takes 61,4% of worldwide tablet sales.Samsung is on the second place with 7,5%. Resources of Apple. Potential for scale, experience and scope economies punishing know-how, RFS, RMS, impudent Product Development Programme, together with skilled human resources represents well integrated resources of the bon ton. Diversified product line and high quality software and hardware allow sharing the resources of the company among existing businesses. This whitethorn create economies of scope, which saves be. The size of the company, level of innovations, design and strong brand name gives to Apple competitive advantage.Company handlings economies of scale, having achieved multi road commercialiseing and mostly cut the middleman and this is decreases the costs and increases the margin to Apple and consequently lower costs for the customers. Strengths of Apple. Core competencies Due to financ ial strength and inherited hardware and software company was able to extend product line and created a new market instead of displacing existing one. Apple relies on a new Product Development Program of Kaizen in the product offer keeping in this management high loyalty of the customers and meeting their needs.Core competence consists of immutable innovations and creating added value for customers in shapes of innovative design and technology Strategic fit of Apple Key success factors Core pompetence Style Size package Download facility Design 5 5 5 5 Quality 5 5 Capacity 5 We observe strong fit between companys core competencies and come upon success factors. Apple develops the program of constant improvement of the product as well as use experience which is resulted is extremely high performance and flourishing of the company. SWOT analysis for Apple OpportunitiesTime Short-medium term Medium-long termStrengths Innovative Design Strong brand Leading market position of digital market Weaknesses Simple immitation Cannibalisation Vision Mission Vision * Keep leading position at the worldwide market * Focused on the future * Penetrate the markets where company can fabricate big contribution to indian lodge Mission * Design best personal computers * Innovations in digital music with (iPod, iTunes online stores) * Innovation of iPhone and iPad in scathe of favorable market conditions * Design and develop own operating system, hardware, application software * Design new customer products with superior easy-of-use RD Apples objectives Objectives In a line with companys mission presumably Apple is mostly focused on non-financial objectives such as constant improving of the product offer and quality of the devices, expanding of distribution network to reach more targeted customers * Innovation prune the innovation cycle to 12 months * Quality Keizer mantra Apple Strategy overview Products-markets Vertical Integration Internationalization variegation International Development Expansion of distribution hannels creat best pc, portable digital music, mobile communication, iPad3 Vertical integration into retail combined with online store and iTunes Store Growth shift outside US because of global withdraw for iPhone, iPads mainly to Asia Pacific, Europe, Japan Apple Stores expansion aimed internationally increasing number of iOS devices iPhones Macs iPads iPods MergersAcquizition Security hardware and software for PCs and mobile devicesFlash memory AuthenTecAnobit (Israel) - - Strategic Alliances Market alliances in the supply chain and designn development - - -In impairment of Mergers Acquisitions company tends to have conservative trends. Company leaves to be more focused on innovative technologies to make their product unique.